This they dedicated to Queen Elizabeth I, who by then had succeeded to the throne after the death of her sister, "Bloody Mary." Under Elizabeth's patronage, the Geneva Bible became the Bible of choice not merely for clergy but also for laity.
Then in 1560 the reformers produced the first edition of the Geneva Bible. In 1557, Whittingham produced a revised edition of Tyndale's original New Testament. Their research benefited, ironically, from the Fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, an event that had forced many Christian clerics to flee the fallen city of Constantinople with their manuscripts in hand. The Geneva translators avoided the Latin Bible version, or Vulgate, and sought access to the oldest and most authentic Hebrew and Greek manuscripts they could find. Among the men involved in this project were William Whittingham, Miles Coverdale, Christopher Goodman, Anthony Gilby, John Knox, and Thomas Sampson. Another 800 Reformers fled to the continent, where they gathered in Geneva, Switzerland, then known as John Calvin's "Protestant Rome." There they set about creating an English-language version of the entire Bible, and one that would have no ties to any monarch, whether in England or elsewhere in Europe. This Catholic queen quickly earned the nickname "Bloody Mary" by her ruthless persecution of the English Reformers and her execution of 300 of them. In 1553, Queen Mary I acceded to the throne upon the death of her half-brother, Edward VI. Significantly, Anne Boleyn was executed in the same year as was Tyndale-and subsequent to this, King Henry VIII began his sweeping purge of the monasteries in his realm. It did, however, influence the English clergy and might have been an impetus behind the Reformation in England. Tyndale's New Testament did not reach the common man in England. Authorities in Belgium hunted him, arrested him, and imprisoned him in Vilvoorde, and on March 6, 1536, he was executed. There he produced a mechanically printed edition of the New Testament, and his friends smuggled 6,000 copies of it into England. He fled to Germany, where he met Martin Luther, and from there to Belgium. For this defiance of the royal edicts then in force, the authorities pursued him. In 1526, William Tyndale began his first efforts to translate the Bible into English. Yet the Church reserved for its own clergy the right to own the written text of the Bible-and no European monarch permitted any of his subjects actually to possess a copy of the Bible printed in any language other than Latin. The Roman Catholic Church had spread throughout the territory that was once part of the Western Roman Empire. 2.1.1 Distinction from the Authorized Version.
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